Folk Play Links - Folk Plays in Literary Works

Compiled by Chris Little



Folk play performances and their preparations have been incorporated into literary works, either as incidental events (as in Hughes' Tom Brown's Schooldays), or as part of the plot (as in Yonge's The Christmas Mummers).

Publications listed may be cited as well as full text.


Ainsworth, William Harrison

001 * Mervyn Clitheroe [1858, pp.53-54; plate - Fool Plough]
002 * The Lancashire Witches [1849, Vol.III pp.301-302 - "The Plough and Sword Dance;"]

Akenson, Don

003 * At Face Value: The Life and Times of Eliza McCormack/John White [Subscription required for Questia]

Anon

004 * Christmas Firesides [in Bristol Mercury, No.2280, 28th Dec. 1933 - Subscription required for Gale: 19th Century British Library Newspapers]

Baring-Gould, Sabine

005 * Mehalah : A Story of the Salt Marshes [1880, Chapter XV 'New Year's Eve']
006 * Richard Cable : The Lightshipman [1888, Vol.III pp.41-43 - mummers]
007 * Richard Cable, the Lightshipman [1888, Part XXV - extract in]

Barnes-Grundy, Mabel

008 * Gwenda [US edition] [1910, p.37 - paste-egging]

Beerbohm, Max

009 * A Straight Talk (Preface to "Snt George. A Christmas Play") [from his A Christmas Garland, 1912 - parody of George Bernard Shaw]

Benchley, Robert C.

010 * Of All Things [1921, p.165 - 'A Romance in Encyclopedia Land' - guisards]

Bennett, William

011 * Malpas; [1822, Vol.I pp.206-207 - like so many morrice-men or paste-eggers - by [Lee Gibbons [pseud]]]

Beverley, Jo

012 * A Mummer's Play [by Jo Beverley, in A Regency Christmas, by Mary Balogh, Jo Beverley & Sandra Heath, Signet, 1995 - Summary of a murder mystery novella where the investigator infiltrates the suspects house with a mummers' play.]

Blyton, Enid

013 * Enid Blyton Society [summary of her The Christmas Book, 1944]

Bond, Edward

014 * The Fool [Book for sale: in Plays: 3]
015 * The Traditional Mummers' Play in British Political Drama: Edward Bond's 'The Fool', 1975 / Vincent Woods' 'At the Black Pig's Dyke', 1992 [citation of Martin W. Walsh, at 38th International Congress on Medieval Studies, Kalamazoo, 8th-11th May 2003]
016 * The Traditional Mummers¡¯ Play in British Political Drama: Edward Bond¡¯s The Fool (1975) and Vincent Woods¡¯ At the Black Pig¡¯s Dyke (1992) [citation of Martin W. Walsh, in Medieval English Theatre, Vol.25, 2003, pp.177-186]

Bonham, E.

017 * How they spent Christmas Eve at St. Cadge [from her Christmas in Cornwall 60 Years Ago, 1898]

Bottrell, William

018 * The Smugglers of Penrose [from his Traditions and Hearthside Stories of West Cornwall : Second Series, 1873, p.216]
019 * The Smugglers of Penrose [from his Traditions and Hearthside Stories of West Cornwall : Second Series, 1873, p.216]

Braddon, Mary Elizabeth

020 * Mohawks [?, Vol.III p.257]

Brodie, Erasmus H.

021 * Euthanasia: [1866, p.65 - 'A Song of Christmas']

Brown, T.E.

022 * Christmas Rose [from The Collected Poems [? printing], 1909 - "or the way, The Whiteboys 1 is actin' a 2 Christmas day-"]

Byron, Lord

023 * Hints from Horace [from The Works of Lord Byron, 1831, Vol.V p.234]

Caselton, Charlie

024 * Meanwhile Gardens [Chapter 128 - Brief allusion to Mummers only]

Chaworth-Musters, Lavinia

025 * Nottinghamshire Folk Plays & Related Customs Bibliography [summary of her A Cavalier Stronghold: A Romance of the Vale of Belvoir, 1890, pp.272-277; 387-392]
026 * Old English Customs Extant at the Present Time [by P.H. Ditchfield [Rector of Barkham], 1896, (pp.47-48 - [paraphrasing Plough Monday, by J.G. Frazer, in Folk-Lore Journal, Vol.V Pt.2, Apr? 1887, p.161]; at Great Gransden;) 48-49, vii - paraphrasing A Cavalier Stronghold:, by Mrs Chaworth Musters, 1890]

Chesterton, G.K.

027 * Chesterton: A Bibiliography for Beginners, by Dale Ahlquist [Includes summary of Chesterton's "Mummers' Play", The Turkey and the Turk]
028 * Strange Britain [Photo of Beaconsfield Mummers, about 1950. Beaconsfield text, allegedly composed by G.K. Chesterton]
029 * The Mummer [from his A Miscellany of Men, 19??]

Close, J.

030 * The Book of the Chronicles: or, Winter Evening Tales of Westmorland [1842, Vol.I p.128 - sword dance]

Colum, Padraic

031 * The King of Ireland's Son [Chap.XIII - mummers perform 'The Unicorn from the Stars' play on Saint Stephen's Day]

Copper, Bob

032 * Sussex Ancestors

Cox, Morris

033 * A Dialogue for National Folk Week [in Format, No.3, May. 1967, pp.13-17, cover - [National Folk Week was organised by the English Folk Dance and Song Society]]
034 * Mummers' Fool [1965]

Craig, Alisa

035 * Mystery Readers International: Murder For Christmas?? by Patricia J. Fanning [summary of her Murder Goes Mumming, 1981]

Craik, Dinah

036 * A Life for a Life [1859, Vol.II p.145]

Croker, Thomas Crofton

037 * Recollections of Old Christmas: [extract from 1850 - Preface]

Cunningham, John

038 * Poems, Chiefly Pastoral [1766, pp.171-172 - 'A Prologue, For some Country Lads, performing the Devil of a Wife in the Christmas Holidays' - Subscription required for Gale: Eighteenth Century Collections Online]

Cupples, George

039 * Kyloe-Jock and the Weird of Wanton Walls [in MacMillan's Magazine, Vol.II, 1860, p.381 - "guisards"]

Doudney, Sarah

040 * Nelly Channell [US edition] [[1883 ?], p.38 - mummers at Huntsdean [Lovedean ? - where she lived]; p.22 - "a Hampshire village"]

Douglas, Sir George

041 * The Fireside Tragedy : A Play [1887, pp.89-95 - Guizards]

Dowson, F.W.

042 * T'Pleeaf-Stots [citation, in Transactions of the Yorkshire Dialect Society, Vol.V Pt.XXXVII, p.45]

Ewing, Juliana Horatia

A successful Victorian children's author, her story The Peace Egg was first published in her mother's Aunt Judy's Magazine. It is centred round the performance of a Christmas play - the title being taken from one of the chapbook texts that were current at the time. Later A Christmas Mumming Play itself was published, a script that she had compiled from five different versions, with a lengthy introduction. The story and the play were published together in later book editions of her works. The script is available in our Scripts.

043 * Juliana Horatia Ewing and Her Books [by Horatia K.F. Gatty [her sister], 1885 - describes her publication of The Peace Egg and her compiled script.]
044 * Aunt Judy's Correspondence [by J.H. E., in Aunt Judy's Christmas Volume, Vol.X No.LXIX, [Mar.] 1872, p.189 - chapbook alluded to is published by J. Johnson, Kirkgate, Leeds - Subscription required for Gale: 19th Century UK Periodicals]
045 * The Peace Egg [by J.H. E., in Aunt Judy's Annual Volume, New Ser. Vol.III [No.3], [Mar.] 1884, pp.155-173 - a christmas mumming play - Subscription required for Gale: 19th Century UK Periodicals]
046 * The Peace Egg and A Christmas Mumming Play [[1887] - her Christmas story & composite Christmas play, plus illustrations]
047 * The Peace Egg and Other Tales [18?? - her Christmas story & composite Christmas play]
048 * The Peace-Egg : A Christmas Tale [by J.H. Ewing, in Aunt Judy's Christmas Volume, Vol.X No.LXVIII, [Feb.] 1872, pp.98-117 - Subscription required for Gale: 19th Century UK Periodicals]

Farjeon, Eleanor

049 * Fifty New Poems for Children [US edition] [[1922?], pp.8, 61 - 'The Mummers' - extract from her Sonnets and Poems, 1918, pp.20-21]

Gaskell, Lady Catherine Milnes

050 * Old Shropshire Life [1904, pp.227-240 - 'The Return of Joy' - All Souls Day]

Gordon, Jaimy

051 * She Drove Without Stopping [by Keith Waldrop, in CONTEXT, No.7 - about the author]

Grahame, James

052 * British Georgics [1809, pp.234-235, 341-342 - guisarts]

Grahame, Kenneth

053 * Pagan Papers [1st edition only - extracted for The Golden Age, 1895] [1894, 'The Golden Age', pp.158-165 - 'Snowbound']
054 * The Golden Age [18??, Chapter 'Snowbound' - mummers]

Grant, James

055 * The Scottish Cavalier [1852, Part II pp.284-285 - "guisards"]

Green, John

056 * Tales and Ballads of Wearside [Fourth Edition] [1885, pp.98-99, 40 - 'Balmston; or, No Greater Love' - guisers, or sword-dancers]

Gresley, Rev W.

057 * Church-Clavering; or, The Schoolmaster [1843, pp.139-140]

H., J.

058 * Reuben Remplace [in The Olio;, Vol.VII No.XVI, 23rd Apr. 1831, p.243 [sic] - Christmas plays & "Guise Dancing"]

Hailstone, H.

059 * Grantae Imagines : Thirty-Six Sonnets [1886, p.26 - XXVI - Plough Monday]

Hall, Robert Lee

060 * Benjamin Franklin and a Case of Christmas Murder [Book for sale:]

Harcourt, Dora [pseud ?]

061 * A Peep at Country Cousins, and How it Ended - Letter V [in Illustrated Magazine of Art:, Vol.II, 1853, p.314 - via Hone]

Hardy, Thomas

Return of the Native (1878) is probably the most famous example of a folk play being incorporated into an English novel. This appears in Book 2, Chapters 4 to 6, with the main performance taking place in Chapter 5. Hardy subsequently published a separate, somewhat embellished, Dorset text of The Play of St. George (1928).

062 * Barron's Booknotes: Return of the Native
063 * Book Rags Book Notes: Return of the Native
064 * Dorset County Museum photo [Photo of Hardy Players, 1920]
065 * Hardy Players [List with 1923 performance(s)]
066 * Hardy's Egdon Heath Project: Launch Day [2001 performance and pictures of mummers' play from Raymond Sargent]
067 * Hardy's Mummers [by Robert Squillace, in Nineteenth-Century Literature, Vol.41 No.2, Sep. 1986, pp.172-189 - Subscription required for JSTOR]
068 * If there is any difference, Grandfer is younger" by Arthur Hopkins's for Hardy's The Return of the Native [Illustration for the Monthly Serialisation showing Mummers at rest.]
069 * Jenkyn, Little John, &c [by John Pickford, in Notes and Queries, 10th Ser. Vol.V No.115, 10th Mar. 1906, p.195 - citation of Return of the Native, by Thomas Hardy, 1878]
070 * New Hardy Players
071 * Plough Monday Mummeries [by John Pickford, in Notes and Queries, 9th Ser. Vol.VII No.181, 15th Jun. 1901, p.477 - citation of (The Book of Days, ed. by R. Chambers, Vol.I, 18??, pp.84-86;) Return of the Native, by Thomas Hardy, 1878]
072 * Real Conversations [by William Archer, 1904, pp.34-36 - Transcript of a Feb. 1901 interview covering Mummers]
073 * Real Conversations [extract from William Archer, 1904, pp.34-36 - Transcript of a Feb. 1901 interview covering Mummers]
074 * Return of the Native [Anniversary edition] [extract from 1920, p.154 - Photo of "Blooms-End"]
075 * The Christmas Boys' [by John Pickford, in Notes and Queries, 10th Ser. Vol.VII No.161, 26th Jan. 1907, p.75 - citation of Return of the Native, by Thomas Hardy, 1878]
076 * The Dynasts [1903, 'Preface' - "¡­ taking the shape delivery of speeches, with dreamy conventional gestures, something in the manner traditionally maintained by the old Christmas mummers,"]
077 * The Return of The Native [? edition] [1895]
078 * Thomas Hardy¡¯s Library at Max Gate: Catalogue of an Attempted Reconstruction, by Michael Millgate [King George and the Turkish Knight Old Sussex Play, coll. by Isobel Horn, 1921]
079 * What did the Egdon Mummers Sing [citation of Peter Robson, in The Hardy Review, Vol.III, 2002, pp.85-88]
080 * Why All the Drama?: The Significance of Mumming in Hardy's "The Return of the Native" [citation of Randy Jasmine, at American Folklore Society Annual Meeting, Memphis, Tennessee, 20th-24th Oct. 1999]

Heaney, Seamus

081 * The Last Mummer

Hewitt, John

082 * The Mummers [by John McCullagh, in Newry Journal, 18th Jun. 2004 - extract from The Christmas Rhymers, Ballynure, 1941: an old woman remembers]

Hughes, Thomas

083 * The Ashen Faggot [in Macmillan's Magazine, Vol.V No.27, Jan. 1862, p.247 - fragment]
084 * Tom Brown's Schooldays [? edition] [1856, Chapter I - mummers]

Infinitepryde [pseud]

085 * Repeat Performance

Keddie, Henrietta

086 * Phemie Millar [1854, Vol.III p.191 - Guisards]
087 * The Nut-Brown Maids: [1859, p.353 - Plough Monday]

Kemp, Audrey

088 * The Orpheus Books [Chapter 13]

Kemp, Matthew Stanley

089 * Ande Trembath : A Tale of Old Cornwall England [1905, pp.98-112, Ch.XII - 'Christmas and Christmas Play']

Kingsley, Charles

090 * Westward Ho! [1855, Vol.II p.1 - mummer's plays]

Kingston, William Henry Giles

091 * Foxholme Hall; [1867, pp.11-15]
092 * Hurricane Hurry [18??, Chapter I - "geese-dancers"]

Lamprey, Louise

093 * Masters of the Guild [1920, Chapter XVI - a mummers performance]

Latto, W.D.

094 * Tammas Bodkin: or the Humours of a Scottish Tailor [1864, pp.118-127]

Lawrence, David Herbert

D.H. Lawrence's first published work was a short story - An Enjoyable Christmas: A Prelude - in which the performance of a Christmas Guysers' play and its preparations provide the background for the plot. It was published at his request under the name of his friend Jessie Chambers in the Nottinghamshire Guardian (7th Dec. 1907). Guysers are also mentioned briefly in his novel The Rainbow (1915). Neither story gives much detail about the play itself, although they will have been drawn from the folk plays of his home town Eastwood, and neighbouring villages in Nottinghamshire. See Traditional Drama Forum, No.8, Sep. 2003 for the text of A Prelude and an article on Lawrence's references to Guysers.

095 * Dun Yer Want Guysers?" [in Haggs Farm Preservation Society Newsletter, No.12, Jun. 1993, pp.3-4 - paraphrasing A Prelude]
096 * The Rainbow [ch.5 - "The wake departed, and the guysers came. ¡­"; ch.10 - "Gradually there gathered the feeling of expectation. ¡­"]

Leighton, Alexander

097 * Wilson's Tales of the Borders and of Scotland; [Revised edition] [Vol.XVII, 1884 - 'Hogmanay; Or, the Lady of Ballochgray' - guysers]

Lodge, David

098 * Small World [extract, in which the character Miss Maiden describes a mumming play from Rugby, and how it represents the death and rebirth of the life-force.]

Lorimer, George C.

099 * Under the Evergreens; or, A Night with St Nicholas [1874, pp.124-125]

Marcet, Jane

100 * Bertha's Visit to her Uncle in England [New edition] [1831, Vol.II pp.83-84 - "Mummers"]

Marchant, Ian

101 * Panchester Plough Play [unpublished interlude from his The Battle for Dole Acre, 2001]

McIntyre, Hazel

102 * To Raise the Dead [extract from her Iron Wheels on Rocky Lanes, 1993]

McKeown, Jack

103 * Emigrant's Farewell

Melwood, Mary

104 * The Small Blue Hoping Stone [Book for sale: - incorporates the Derby Tup play from Carlton-in-Lindrick, Nottinghamshire]

Moorman, F.W.

105 * Tales of the Ridings [by F.W. Moorman, 1921, 'Corn-Fever' - guisers with Mell Suppers]

Morgan, Lady

106 * The Princess; or The Beguine [1835, Vol.III p.247 - like "Divel-doubt" in the Christmas mummeries]

Nadger, Arthur B.

107 * Mumming - Brampton Bugle - Mummers [Spoof satirical pseudo-mediaeval prose composition against mummers from "Nadger's History of England"]

Oxenham, Elsie J. [pseud]

Elsie J. Dunkerley wrote a long series of books for girls called 'The Abbey Girls', based on the adventures of pupils at a girls' boarding school. Folk dancing was a recurrent theme in her plots, and Mummers were a peripheral feature of the 11th title - The Abbey Girls Go Back to School [1922] and a central feature of the 39th title - An Abbey Champion (1946).

108 * Abbey Girls of Australia [summary of her The Abbey Girls Go Back to School, [1922] and her An Abbey Champion, 1946]
109 * Elsie J. Oxenham Appreciation Society [extract from her An Abbey Champion, 1946, pp.110-112, 164-166, 168-173, 182-183]
110 * The Mummers [citation of Val Mackay, in The Abbey Chronicle, No.9, Sep. 1991, pp.7-9]

P., J.W.

111 * The Mummers [in The Graphic, Vol.40 No.1048, 28th Dec. 1889, p.798abc - Subscription required for Gale: 19th Century British Library Newspapers]

Peacock, Edward

112 * Ralf Skirlaugh [1870, Vol.III pp.226-244]

Peacock, Thomas Love

113 * Crotchet Castle [1887, Chapter XVIII - mummers]

Pease, Howard

114 * Tales of Northumbria [1899, p.88 - 'An Ammytoor Detective' - sword-dancers sing about Alexander the Great]

Phillpotts, Eden

115 * The Three Brothers [1909, pp.69-78, ch.VIII & pp.100-112, ch.XI - the vicar revives the mummers at Shaugh Prior - [his Dartmoor novels influenced by Thomas Hardy's Wessex novels]]

Pilling, Ann [n¨¦e Cheetham]

116 * The Beggar's Curse [Book for sale: - The novel's plot includes something sinister in the ancient rituals of the village play.]

Porter, Jane

117 * Sir Edward Seaward's Narrative of His Shipwreck, [1831, Vol.II pp.306-307]

Proulx, E. Annie

118 * The Shipping News [Project about the novel]

Putney, Mary Jo

119 * A Holiday Fling [extract from her Christmas Revels - talking about staging a mummers' play]

Quiller-Couch, Arthur Thomas

120 * The Prince of Abyssinia's Post-Bag : II. The Great Fire on Freethy's Quay [from his The Delectable Duchy, 1906 - mummers, guise dancers and darkey-parties]

Rawnsley, [Rev] H.D.

121 * Poems, Ballads, and Bucolics [1890, pp.129, vi - 'Old Times' - "Plough-Jags" - [his father had been Rector of Halton Holegate, Lincolnshire i.e. "between Horncastle, Louth, and Boston"]]

Rawnsley, E.F.

122 * Months at the Lakes [by Rev H.D. Rawnsley [Vicar of Wray], 1906, (p.8 - "pasch eggers" at Grasmere;) 12-17 - paraphrasing Pace-Eggin' Time, by Miss [Eleanor Foster] Simpson [later his wife], 1906]

Reade, Charles

123 * Put Yourself in his Place [1870, Chapter XIII - Mummers performing a sword dance play]

Roberts, Gillian

124 * The Mummers' Curse [extract from 1996 - A murder mystery from the 'Amanda Pepper Mysteries' series, set during the Philadelphia New Year Mummers' parade - Synopsis and Chapter 1]

Robinson, Ian

125 * Rupert and the Christmas Play [citation of him, in Rupert Annual, No.67, 2002, pp.81-93]

Rogers, Mike

126 * Coln Rogers [Short Christmas story involving a Mummers' play]

Rosenthal, Pam

127 * Almost a Gentleman [Interview with the author]

Saffron [pseud]

128 * Curiosities, Grotesqueries, Follies & Strange Customs [Semi-truthful hoax article on English folklore, including a photo of "The ¡®Ganderman¡¯ of Linctus Peverell village in the Cotswolds"(in fact a picture of Heptonstall Pace-Eggers' Tosspot, with intro and song lifted from Round the Horne by "Rambling Syd Rumpo"), and a so-called Pace-Egging procession Burscough near Ormskirk]

Sargant, Jane Alice

129 * The Broken Arm; A National School Story [Pt.II, 1849, pp.73-74 - Plough Monday]

Scott, Sir Walter

130 * Marmion; A Tale of Flodden Field [6th edition] [1810, Vol.II p.137 - 'Introduction to Canto Sixth' - "Who lists may in their mumming see, Traces of ancient mystery; White shirts supplied the masquerade, And smutted cheeks the visors made; But, O! what maskers, richly dight, Can boast of bosoms half so light!"]

Seymour, Mrs William Wood

131 * Christmas Holidays at Cedar Grove [1858, p.48 - via Hone?]

Slow, Edward

132 * The Fifth Series of Wiltshire Rhymes and Tales in the Wiltshire Dialect [[1894], pp.53-54 - 'Gramfer's Crismis']

Southey, Robert

133 * The Doctor, &c [New edition] [ed. by John Wood Warter, 1818, p.559 - 'A true story of the terrible knitters e' dent' - maskers]

Stanton, Bill

134 * Moss [This part of the novel includes preparations for, and perfrmance of a Derby Tup play at Christmas]

Sterndale, Mary

135 * The Life of a Boy [1821, Vol.I pp.117-120 - mummers]

Sullivan, Bill

136 * Mummering in Christmas, by Bill Sullivan [Listed as "Mummering in Trinity" (Newfoundland) in the contents page]

T., Pamela

137 * Duty & Desire [Passing mention of Mummers only]

Thorndike, Russell

138 * The Courageous Exploits of Doctor Syn [[1939], Chapter IX - covers a performance of the Dymchurch-under-the-Wall Mummers, Kent]

Vyvyan-Jones, Marc

139 * The Barefoot Book of Rhymes Around the Year [Book for sale: - includes a mumming play at Christmas-time]

Warner, Susan Bogert & Anna Bartlett Warner

140 * The Christmas Stocking [Helen Montgomery's Bookcase] [1854, pp.243-250 - by [Elizabeth Wetherell & Amy Lothrop [pseuds]]]

Waugh, Edwin

141 * The Works : Besom Ben Stories [ed. by George Milner, 'The Old Blanket', chap.II - the "Pace-Egging" at Easter,]

Whitaker, Edward

142 * Parley Magna [1876, Vol.I p.6 - Christmas-boys or mummers]

Wilson, Rev William

143 * Ailieford: A Family History [1855, p.5 - "guisards]
144 * John Arnold [1862, Vol.II p.136; 147-160]

Wood, William MacDonald

145 * Modern Scottish Poets with Critical and Biographical Notices : Sixth Series [by [D.H. Edwards], 1883, p.112 - 'Old and New' - "Wi' solemn words in daft array, Like guisers on the street;"]

Woods, Vincent

146 * At the Black Pig's Dyke [Book for sale: in ]
147 * The Traditional Mummers' Play in British Political Drama: Edward Bond's 'The Fool', 1975 / Vincent Woods' 'At the Black Pig's Dyke', 1992 [citation of Martin W. Walsh, at 38th International Congress on Medieval Studies, Kalamazoo, 8th-11th May 2003]
148 * The Traditional Mummers¡¯ Play in British Political Drama: Edward Bond¡¯s The Fool (1975) and Vincent Woods¡¯ At the Black Pig¡¯s Dyke (1992) [citation of Martin W. Walsh, in Medieval English Theatre, Vol.25, 2003, pp.177-186]

Yonge, Charlotte Mary

A popular Victorian children's author, her story The Christmas Mummers was first published in her Magazine for the Young, Vol.XVI No.5, May 1857, pp.159-168 - Vol.XVII No.3, Mar. 1858, pp.73-84. It has the performance of a Mummers' play as its central theme. The text is available in our Scripts. See Traditional Drama Forum, No.3, Oct. 2001 for an article suggesting a Doctor's name derives from the character in Yonge's novel.

149 * John Keble's Parishes [1898 - Otterbourne text?]
150 * Review of "The Christmas Mummers" [citation of [Jane Williams], in Athenaeum, No.1593, 8th May 1858, p.593]
151 * Soaps Suds Again [in Newsletter & Review of the Charlotte M Yonge Fellowship, No.8, Winter 1998/99, p.8 - extract from her Monthly Packet of Evening Readings for Members of the English Church, Ser.3 Vol.VII Pt.XXXVII, Jan. 1884, p 60 - "Boxing Day began damp and weary. Mummers stood outside the gin-shops and crowds round them drinking."]
152 * The Carbonels [[], wall-paper "that he used to make caps for the Christmas-boys"]

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